Espirometer

1. INTRODUCTION

Spirometry is a basic test for the study of pulmonary function, and its performance is necessary for the evaluation and monitoring of respiratory diseases. Its usefulness transcends the field of pulmonology, and in recent years it is progressively being incorporated into primary care and other medical disciplines.

The spirometer is a technique for the diagnosis of respiratory diseases, because it offers a variety of data that allow a complete diagnosis. Thanks to the advancement of technology, it is easy to perform the examination, by calculating flow and volume, important variables in the spirometer technique. it is possible to determine if there is obstruction in the respiratory tract or if, on the contrary, they are in a healthy state.

List of Equipment and Materials:

2. CONTEXT

TSpirometry is an important technique for the diagnosis of respiratory diseases, since it offers a variety of data that allow a complete diagnosis. Thanks to the advancement of technology, it is easy to perform the exam; With this laboratory guide it was possible to understand the basis of this diagnostic technique, by calculating flow and volume, important variables in the spirometry technique. Through the results obtained it is possible to determine if there is obstruction in the respiratory tract or if, on the contrary, they are in a healthy state.

Spirometer:
Spirometry is a quick and painless study in which a handheld device called a «spirometer» is used to measure the amount of air a person’s lungs can hold (volume of air) and the speed of inhalations and exhalations during the respiration (speed of air flow).
This study is used in children older than 5 years. The spirometer consists of two parts: a nozzle and a tube that connects to a machine, which records and displays the results.

Spirometry tells doctors if the lungs are working properly. It is used to help diagnose and monitor diseases that affect the lungs and make breathing difficult, such as asthma and cystic fibrosis. It can also be used for the following

figure 1. FLOW SENSOR

Ultrasound sensor:

The HC-SR04 is an ultrasonic distance sensor capable of detecting objects and calculating the distance it is in a range of 2 to 450 cm. The sensor works by ultrasound and contains all the electronics responsible for making the measurement. Its use is as simple as sending the start pulse and measuring the width of the return pulse. Very small size, the HC-SR04 stands out for its low consumption, high accuracy and low price so it is replacing the polaroid sensors in the latest robots

3. DEVELOPMENT

The ultra sound sensor was characterized with respect to the distance of the respiratory incentive and in this way have correct values ​​visualized in the LCD according to the equation given above.

Distancia	Valor
6	400
5	300
4	200
3	100
2	0

 

4. RESULTS

5. ANALISYS OF THE RESULTS

In this guide a system was made that allows to measure the air flow by a person in an inhalation. In addition, it measures the average flow, determines the maximum value of inhaled volume and the duration of inhalation.
For this, a simple flow sensor was used with the Arduino microcontroller. The sensor used was the YF-S201 (see figure 4). This sensor works through the Hall effect, internally it has blades that rotate when a fluid passes, the number of blades that pass during a given time is counted and it is possible to calculate the flow.

To measure the flow of air inhaled by a person, the flow sensor YF-S201 was used, which works by generating pulses to which the frequency is calculated, then the flow value can be calculated by means of a conversion value that, in the case of this sensor, is 7.5.
The maximum volume of inhalation was obtained by using a vector that saved the values ​​obtained in a certain time, and each time a new value was saved, it was bought with the previous one in order to store the higher value in another variable..

6. BIBLIOGRAFY

[1]Espirómetro (2016). Definición, características y tipos de espirómetro. Recuperado (22 de Mayo  de 2018)en“https://futurasmedicas.weebly.com/tensiometro.html”

[2]Manual (2016).Sensor ultrasonido. Recuperado (22 de Mayo de 2018)en“http://publicacionesmedicina.uc.cl/ManualSemiologia/210PresionArterial.htm

[3]Electrónica (2013). Definición sensor de flujo. Recuperado (22 de Mayo de2018)en“https://www.electronicafacil.net/tutoriales/.php

[4] ¿Qué es un sensor YF-S201 (2013)? Amplificador. .Recuperado (21 de Mayo de 2018)de:“http://www.pablin.com.ar/electron/cursos/introao1/quees.html